Nos publications

Monitoring and assessing of sustainable development in the urban area of Ouagadougou based on SDG 11.3.1 indicator and the city biodiversity index 31 Décembre 2024

Youmanli Enok Ferdinand Combary, Marie Anita Temgoua Zemo, Hassane Mahamat Hemchi, Bernard Tossou Atchrimi

Abstract :
Urban growth can induce changes in the use and transformation of urban land. In the context of rapid urbanization, monitoring key indicators of sustainable development is essential. The aim of this study was to monitor and assess the level of sustainable development in the city of Ouagadougou between 2002 and 2022, based on global indicators such as Sustainable Development Goal 11.3.1 indicator and the Singapore City Biodiversity Index. A remote sensing and Geographic Information System approach was used to acquire and analyze open-source geospatial data. The results show an increasing inefficiency in land use, with excessive consumption to population growth until 2013. Between 2013 and 2022, this trend declined, but urban biodiversity nevertheless decreased significantly, with a 40% loss of natural areas between 2002 and 2022. Fragmentation of natural areas, due to infrastructure development, has amplified this degradation, posing ecological risks to the city. This study underlines the importance of strengthening the ecological connectivity of urban spaces to improve their sustainability and resilience. It also recommends reorienting urban strategies by integrating nature-based solutions and placing biodiversity preservation at the heart of sustainable urban development policies.

Keywords: Land Use, Nature-based solutions, Ouagadougou, Sustainable development, Urban biodiversity, Urbanization. 

Perceptions of women’s leadership in urban governance in the communes of greater Lomé, Togo 31 Décembre 2024

Nagbandjoa Dounwourgue, Edinam Kola, Leslie Bertha Mouloungui Kussu, Coffi Aholou

Abstract
Perceptions of women’s roles and leadership in urban governance vary from country to country and culture to culture. While women are represented and participate fully in political decision-making in some countries, in Togo women’s participation in local governance is still limited. The aim of this research is to analyse perceptions of women’s leadership in urban governance in the communes of greater Lomé. Specifically, the study of the influence of general perceptions of the role of women on the development of their leadership in the urban governance of greater Lomé (i) and the implications of these perceptions on the participation of women in the urban governance of greater Lomé (ii). Semi-structured interviews were conducted in all the town halls of the thirteen greater Lomé autonomous district communes with 222 women and 162 men, i.e., a total of 384 people. The corpus created from the interviews, which were transcribed in their entirety, was analyzed using the theory of social dominance developed by Sidanius and Pratto to explain power relations and inequalities between social groups. The results show that perceptions of women’s participation in urban governance vary and are generally associated with several significant implications. The general perception is that women are not as competent or legitimate as men in political and administrative leadership roles. However, there is a growing recognition of the value of gender diversity in urban governance, with a growing awareness of the importance of including women in decision-making processes. From the point of view of the significant implications of perceptions, positive perceptions favor increased representation of women, innovation, and creativity, strengthening legitimacy, reducing inequalities, and presenting women as positive role models in urban governance.

Keywords: urban governance; women’s leadership; perceptions; roles; Lomé 

Review of paratransit financing and formalization process in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case of the Association de Financement des Professionnels du Transport Urbain (AFTU) in Dakar 31 Décembre 2024

 Elhadji Ibrahima Diaou, Messan Vimenyo, Mbaye Diene, Leslie Bertha Mouloungui Kussu

Abstract
Despite its leading role in the urban transport system, paratransit is accused of being unsustainable and hostile to modernity. The reform of the sector is necessary in the context of the modernization of the transport system of African cities. It requires the formalization of actors through technical and financial support such as fleet renewal projects. This article attempts to analyze the financing process and the level of formalism of the operators constituted within the AFTU in the context of the financing operation of paratransit operators in Dakar, Senegal. The methodological approach adopted is based on the analysis of qualitative data from questionnaire surveys carried out in the AFTU network in Dakar; official documents1 were also used. The results show that the Dakar financing model put in place has made it possible to make significant progress in the reorganization of paratransit professionals. In addition to the concessioned lines, a salaried system was introduced, pricing is now official and the standardized ticketing system has been put in place. Nevertheless, improvements are expected on the working conditions of employees, the capacity building of actors and the evolution of the legal status of companies.

Keywords: paratransit; reform; financing; fleet renewal; Dakar

Analysis of access to amenities in peri-urban areas in West Africa: A GIS-based approach in Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin 31 Décembre 2024

Cossi Jeannot Melchior Kadja, Iléri Dandonougbo, Ayira Korem, Benjamin Sotondji Allagbe, Fulbert Daniel Mensah

Abstract

Urban facilities and services are essential to human life. Access to them varies according to the geographical location of the population, whether urban, peri-urban or rural, and according to the modes of transport available. In view of the rapid development of peri-urban areas in developing countries, questions are being asked about the ability of the inhabitants of these areas to access these facilities and services. This study examines the ability of the inhabitants of Hêvié, Ouèdo and Togba, three peri-urban districts of Abomey-Calavi in the Republic of Benin, to access commercial, educational, school and health facilities. To this end, we have adopted a GIS-based methodology. It is a combination of isochronal method and accessibility utility measurement. The isochrones were produced according to the main modes of travel recorded on the study area and over a time t ≤ 20 min divided into intervals of 05 min. Analysis of the data enabled us to understand that the main modes of travel adopted by residents are walking, motorcycle and car. Access to educational and health facilities is conditioned by the mode of travel used. Access to commercial and entertainment facilities in t ≤ 20 min is not correlated with the modes of transport used.

Keywords: GIS; isochronous; accessibility; amenities; periurban

Refugees in the Minawao camp: Status and erosion of social assistance in the face of the SDGs 31 Décembre 2024

Marie Rosette Magne, Cyprien Coffi Aholou

Abstract

This article analyses the effectiveness of humanitarian assistance in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Minawao refugee camp in Cameroon, focusing on the social pillar of sustainable humanitarian. Established in 2013 to accommodate Nigerians fleeing the violence of Boko Haram, the camp now faces growing challenges related to the sustainability of assistance. Based on a mixed methodological approach, the analysis draws on data collected from humanitarian operators, refugees and the host community. The data was collected using tools such as participant observation, individual and group interviews, questionnaire surveys, mapping, documentary review, etc. Although essential infrastructure has been put in place, the study reveals that minimum humanitarian standards are not being met in several key sectors: food security, education, sanitation, shelter provision and Non Foods Items (NFIs). The lack of financial resources, combined with insufficient involvement by the Cameroonian government, has led to a gradual erosion of social protection for refugees. Maintaining assistance on a temporary basis compromises the integration of the SDGs into humanitarian operations. The article highlights the need for a forward-looking approach by humanitarian agencies, coordination between stakeholders and the involvement of new partners, including refugees, to guarantee their well-being and the achievement of the SDGs.

Keywords: sustainable humanitarian; refugees; SDGs; social assistance; Minawao 

Study of the Gendered Impacts of Climate Change in Bol, Lake Province, Chad 31 Décembre 2024

Exaucé Gali Djako, Evelyne Mendy, Semingar Ngaryamgaye, Komi Sélom Klassou, Jérôme Chenal

Abstract
Climate change is a global phenomenon impacting ecosystems, economies, and livelihoods. This research carried out in Bol in the Lake Province of Chad, a region heavily affected by climate change, aims to analyze the gender-differentiated impacts of this phenomenon. It was carried out using the rapid analysis and participatory planning (RAPP) method and structural analysis for social systems (SAS2). Meteorological and socioeconomic data were collected through interviews, household surveys, and focus groups. The results indicate variability in rainfall, with a slight downward trend and an increase in temperature. The women identified an increase in the cost of living, human and material losses, warmer housing, and health problems as socioeconomic socioeconomic consequences of climate change. Their coping strategies include community self-help, humanitarian aid, and welfare activities. Obstacles to full participation in the search for solutions include access to education, low decision-making power, and political representation. This research enriches our understanding of the interactions between gender, climate change, adaptation, and inclusive policy importance.

Keywords: gender; climate change; adaptation; Lake Chad; town of Bol

Factors hindering the implementation of urban planning tools in Central Africa: Case study of reference urban plan for Sarh Town (Chad) 31 Décembre 2024

 François Teadoum Naringué, N’Dilbé Tob-Ro, Ndonaye Allarané, Vidjinnagni Vinasse Ametooyona Azagoun, Follygan Hetcheli

Abstract

The reference urban plan is an urban planning tool often used to orient the development of Chadian cities. However, expanding Chadian urban centers, such as Sarh, face challenges in implementing urban planning orientations of their urban plans within the set deadlines. The objective of this study is to identify the factors impeding the effective implementation of the reference urban plan for Sarh town. The methodology employed encompasses a literature review, individual interviews with urban planning experts, geographic information system (GIS) data, household surveys and statistical analysis. The results revealed that less than a quarter (19.72%) of the households surveyed were aware of the reference urban plan. The applied logistic regression model identified age, occupation and level of education as the main factors influencing public participation in the preparation of the reference urban plan. On average, 33.33% of the urban planning guidelines and 21.74% of the projected urban projects were implemented, with a difference of 1631.28 hectares (ha) between the projected plan and the actual plan for the town. Five factors were identified as contributing to the failure to implement the reference urban plan for Sarh town, including low funding, inadequate land management, a lack of political will, weak governance and poor communication. Consequently, participatory and inclusive planning approaches, effective financial mobilisation, strong governance, and the use of modern technologies such as GIS tools are recommended to enhance the implementation of urban planning tools.

Keywords: implementation challenges; infrastructure development; public participation; urban planning; urban policy; urbanisation

Understanding Urban Fragility and Resilience in Kaya, Burkina Faso, Based on the Perceptions of Urban Actors 31 Décembre 2024

Kokou Elom Assinou, Koffi Kpotchou

Abstract:
Investigating the fragility and resilience of cities facing crises is an important step towards sustainable planning and development. The study aims to understand the fragility and resilience of the town of Kaya in Burkina Faso, based on the perceptions of urban actors. A field study was carried out using a mixed research method. Focus groups were conducted with 73 stakeholders representing the city's various social groups. Questionnaire surveys were administered to 565 people selected using the quota method. The results show that overcrowding, insecurity, violence, poverty, shortcomings in providing basic public services, lack of dialogue between the authorities and residents, and exposure to flooding, all weaken the city. Social groups such as women, the elderly, people living with disabilities and internally displaced persons are more likely to identify marginalization, inequality and injustice as signs of fragility. Despite the difficult situation, people have confidence in their authorities and consider that the presence of the state and humanitarian actors in the area, natural resources, economic activities, traditional values and social cohesion are the pillars of resilience. Fragility and resilience lie in the relationships between social groups and between communities and their environment.

Keywords: actors, fragility, kaya, perceptions, planning, resilience, urban sustainability 

Eco-Nutritional assessment of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of producers, traders and processors in the market gardening sector of greater Lomé 31 Décembre 2024

 Kokou Elom Assinou, Koffi Kpotchou

Abstract:

Societal changes in the food sector are presenting the Greater Lomé Autonomous District (DAGL) with major sustainability challenges. However, the socio-economic, health, nutritional and ecological knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of stakeholders in solving these problems are only partially taken into account, even in the existing scientific literature. As such, the research aims to assess the level of health, socio-economic and environmental sustainability of market garden vegetable production, trade and processing in the Autonomous District of Greater Lomé (DAGL), based on the principles of nutritional ecology. Using a quantitative multi-criteria approach, 147 people were interviewed : 44 producers, 56 traders and 47 processors. Judgemental sampling was used to form the sample. The data collected by Kobocollect was processed using Excel, Arcgis and Google Earth Pro. Average scores and good KAP rates were calculated for stakeholders according to key aspects of sustainable development apprehension. The results show that in the DAGL, the rates for ecological (26.13%), health (33.71%), socio-economic (42.46), technological and innovative (22.93%) knowledge, attitudes and practices are low. They stand at 30.31%. These results are unfavorable to the achievement of the SDGs, and do not meet the principles of nutritional ecology and standard 13 of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 2023. Hence the importance of designing and implementing an integrated, long-term eco-nutritional education program for all stakeholders.

Keywords: Agri-food systems; cities, Eco-nutritional culture,Sustainability,Vegetable supply chain

Knowledge and practices of vegetable consumption in Accra and greater Lomé: Nutritional, health and environmental sustainability 31 Décembre 2024

Kokou Elom Assinou, Koffi Kpotchou

Abstract:

In Accra and Greater Lomé, research into the harmful effects of food transitions focuses scarcely on the levels of knowledge and good practices (LKGP) of vegetable consumers. However, these foods play a key role in the nutritional, health, socio-economic and ecological sustainability of cities. This research aims to assess the health, nutritional, ecological and socio-economic sustainability of LKGP linked to vegetable consumption in these conurbations. A quantified multi-criteria evaluation approach was adopted. The respondents (394), selected via judgmental sampling, were equally distributed between the two cities. Data were collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire administered by Kobocollect. The overall average rate of good vegetable consumption knowledge and practices in Accra and Greater Lomé is low (37.43%). This result stems from the low LKGP for daily vegetable consumption (24.62%), their inclusion in the main daily meals (33.50%) and consideration of their nutritional composition (30.86%). The target population is unaware of the health, nutritional and ecological drawbacks of poorly preserved vegetables (66.93%) and adopts inappropriate waste management practices when handling them (65.91%). The average proportions of access to vegetable procurement technology (47.08%) and sustainable food education (11.29%) were also low. The research results, unfavorable to the achievement of the SDGs in Accra and Greater Lomé, call for an inclusive, integrated and continuous sustainable food education program.

Keywords: Eco-nutritional culture; Food and nutrition education, Health and socio-economic risks, Urban food sustainability, Vegetable consumption. 

Stakeholder-Based Optimal Indicators for Urban Sustainability Assessment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study from the City of Moundou in Chad 26 Septembre 2024

Ernest Haou 1,*, Ndonaye Allarané 1,2 , Cyprien Coffi Aholou 1 and Ouya Bondoro 3

Abstract: Over the last two decades, scientific studies have increasingly highlighted the vulnerability of cities to global changes, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where climate phenomena and urbanization are intensifying. These realities necessitate a reassessment of current urban management models in order to reaffirm the central role of cities in promoting sustainability. In this context, establishing a robust scientific foundation for evaluating the transition processes of cities towards sustainability is essential. This article presents a methodology developed to select and validate indicators, taking into account local issues and the needs expressed by stakeholders. The research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, which included a literature review, consultations with populations from five study districts, analysis of the indicator needs of development stakeholders, adoption of two methods, and validation of the indicators by a group of experts. The outcome of this research is a set of 20 indicators organized into five dimensions: environmental, social, economic, built environment, and cultural. The analysis of the proportional distribution of these indicators across dimensions reveals a notable predominance of the social dimension, which accounts for 35% of the indicators, including key indicators such as access to potable water, electricity, education, and healthcare services, inter alia. The environmental and built environment dimensions each comprise 20% of the indicators, encompassing indicators such as the preservation of natural resources, waste management, land use management, and flood management, among others. The economic and cultural dimensions represent 15% and 10% of the selected indicators, respectively. These data indicate that achieving sustainable urban development within the context of this study requires a focused effort on enhancing the performance of these indicators, with substantial efforts needed in the social domain. It is of paramount importance to incorporate these indicators into the decision-making processes related to urban development planning in Moundou and other cities in the region, as they provide valuable scientific insights crucial to the pursuit of sustainability.

Keywords: stakeholders’ participation and inclusion; urban sustainability assessment; mixed methodology approach; optimal indicators; sustainable development goals; sub-Saharan Africa

Photography in urban studies in Greater Lomé, an objectifying approach? 25 Septembre 2024

Kouassi Rodolphe Anoumou, Tchakouni Sondou

Abstract:
More and more urban studies researchers and students are using images. This choice often stems from the need to illustrate, analyse and understand territories and urban phenomena. This contribution seeks to demonstrate, on the basis of examples drawn from scientific productions in Greater Lomé, how the photographic approach makes it possible to apprehend the urban phenomenon. Three forms of image use can be identified in the documents consulted. On the one hand, images are a source of data to support information received through observation. On the other hand, photography is a technique for collecting metadata which, when triangulated with several sources, enables a query to be answered. Finally, the diachronic and chronological analysis of images of a social reality enables us to detect the visible and the invisible in order to take a critical look at the social world and the dynamics of social relationships.

Keywords: photography; urban studies; objectification approach; Greater Lomé

Ecosystèmes périurbains et approvisionnement durable de la ville de Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo) en aliments non conventionnels (insectes) 16 Mai 2024

RESUME
Les écosystèmes périurbains sous les tropiques contribuent au bien-être des populations urbaines à travers les biens et services offerts. Malheureusement, ces écosystèmes subissent une pression anthropique émanant de diverses fins auxquels s’ajoutent les aléas du climat. Cette situation se substitue à une dynamique paysagère donnant lieu au déplacement horizontal des habitats (animaux et/ou végétaux). La présente thèse évalue la dynamique structurale et écologique du paysage qui favoriserait la conservation des niches écologiques d’insectes comestibles à Kinshasa. L’approche méthodologique a consisté à la collecte, au traitement et à l’analyse des données spatiales, ethnobiologiques, des inventaires forestiers, floristiques et écologiques. Les traitements sont réalisés à l’aide des logiciels QGIS 2.18®, R® et le tableur Excel® donnant lieux à différents résultats. L’analyse diachronique des images Landsat de 2001 et de 2021 montre sept unités d’occupation du sol (prairies/sols nus, agglomérations, champs/jachères, forêts claires/savanes boisées, galeries forestières/forêts denses, galeries forestières/forêts denses, plans d'eau, savanes arborées/savanes arbustives) avec une régression des formations naturelles au profit des formations anthropisées. De plus, les enquêtes ont permis d’identifier Gonimbrasia jamesoni Druce 1890 (28%), Cirina forda Westwood 1849 (27%) et Brachytrupes membranaceus Drury 1770 (18%) comme les trois espèces d’insectes les plus consommés à Kinshasa. L’Analyse en Composante Principales (ACP) a permis de discriminer trois peuplements forestiers comme habitat de prédilection de ces insectes dont la plantation à Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., la plantation à Millettia laurentii De Wild et la forêt naturelle à M. laurentii. La moyenne des densités des individus d’arbres hôtes à chenilles (A. auriculiformis et M. laurentii) est de 86, 18 et 25 ind/ha respectivement dans la plantation à A. auriculiformis, la plantation à M. laurentii et la forêt naturelle à M. laurentii ; avec des valeurs de la surface terrière moyenne de 6,93 m2/ha, 10,58 m2/ha et 9,39 m2/ha. La distribution des arbres hôtes à chenille dans les formations forestières sont soit aléatoire ou agrégative (selon l’espèce et les catégories d’arbres). Le sol est en moyenne neutre (6,8 ± 0,2), d’une humidité de 10,46% ± 7,8, d’une température de 32,69°C ± 0,7, d’une profondeur de 46,86 cm ± 8,1 et d’une couleur noirâtre (42% d’échantillon) et brunâtre (58%). L’analyse de modélisation des niches écologique révèle que B. membranaceus devrait à l’avenir se déplacer vers la zone urbaine et que C. forda et G. jamesoni pourront se déplacer dans la zone périphérique ; toutes sous l’influence principale des facteurs édaphiques et des précipitations. Il est donc important et urgent de protéger les zones périurbaines des villes principales africaines et de les prioriser dans les programmes de conservation de la biodiversité afin de contribuer à l’amélioration de la sécurité alimentaire. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la logique de contribution aux ODD 2, 11, 13 et 15 à l’horizon 2030.

Mots clés : dynamique spatio-temporelle, écosystèmes périurbains, insectes consommés, modélisation, Kinshasa.

Urban Flora Structure and Carbon Storage Potential of Woody Trees in Different Land Use Units of Cotonou (West Africa) 31 Décembre 2023

 Assouhan Jonas Atchadé, Madjouma Kanda, Fousseni Folega, Abdoul Aziz Diouf, Symphorien Agbahoungba, Marra Dourma, Kperkouma Wala and Koffi Akpagana

 Abstract: Urbanization is a current concern, particularly in Africa, where it is expected to continue and increasingly threaten the effectiveness of plant biodiversity, natural carbon sinks, and the sustainability of cities. This paper investigates the structural parameters and carbon storage potential of trees in the land use units of the city of Cotonou in southern Benin. A total of 149 plots at 2500 m2each were randomly generated, and trees with a diameter 10 cm were inventoried. ANOVA revealed that the means of structural parameters (diameter and height classes) and carbon stock rate varied significantly (p < 0.001) across land use units in the city. Tree basal area is estimated at 4.52  5.24 m2 ha Télécharger

Urban Ecosystem Services and Determinants of Stakeholders’ Perception for Sustainable Cities Planning in Cotonou (Benin) 31 Décembre 2023

 Assouhan Jonas Atchadé, Kperkouma Wala, Madjouma Kanda, Fousseni Folega, Joanes Atela, Marra Dourma, Koffi Akpagana

Abstract: Anarchic urbanization and land artificialization expose urban ecosystems and ecosystem services (ES) to threat. Urban ecosystems and trees play a crucial role in improving urban environments, and their management depends on the perceptions and preferences of urban residents. An assessment of the socio-ecological factors determining the perception of the actors allows for the proper design and planning of ecological urban policies and urban adaptation to climate change. The objective of this work was to determine the key determinants (factors) of urban stakeholders’ perceptions of ES in generating socio-ecological information for planning and preservation of ecosystems in Cotonou municipality. In this way, we assessed the perception and discriminating variables of the different stakeholders of urban ES provided in the city of Cotonou. Thus, 381 city dwellers were individually interviewed after statistical sampling. Focus group discussions with the stakeholders also made it possible to highlight the ES provided in the different land use units (LU). The results show that 73.23% of the city dwellers agreed that they were aware of ecosystem services. The hierarchical classification shows two homogeneous groups of perceivers with ethnicity, age, and education as statistically discriminating sociological variables (pv < 0.001). Urban dwellers in the city of Cotonou perceived more SEs in the cultural and regulatory services category significantly (pv < 0.001; v-test > 3). The principal component analysis (PCA) reveals the varying availability of ES according to the different LU in the city. It will be worthwhile to apply this study in the processes of decision-making in climate and environment policy planning for sustainable cities in Africa and all over the world because it adds scientific value.
 

Keywords: urban ecosystem services; perceptions; socio-ecological analysis; urban adaptation planning; sustainable cities; Cotonou

Effect of Anthropogenic Pressure on the Biodiversity of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Some Urban Rivers (Yaoundé) 31 Décembre 2023

Marie Anita Temgoua Zemo , Samuel Foto Menbohan, Bernard Tossou Atchrimi, Wilfreid Christiane Noel Betsi, Mathias Nwaha, Jean Dzavi , Célestin Adeito Mavunda and Nathaniel Lactio

Abstract
In Cameroon, the environmental profile is increasingly marked by anarchic urbanisation, which is strongly illustrated by the discharge of waste into the aquatic environment, leading to pollution. Indeed, the tributaries of the Mfoundi and Mefou river basins have nowadays become dumping grounds and receptacles for all kinds of waste, leading to the degradation of water quality and a reduction in biodiversity. This study aims to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic pressure on the biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in three rivers of the Mfoundi basin (Ebogo, Abiergue, and Ako’o). For this purpose, some physicochemical parameters were measured according to standard methods, and benthic macroinvertebrates were collected according to the multihabitat approach. To this end, the physicochemical analyses revealed that the waters of these different streams are slightly basic and poorly oxygenated, with a saturation rate of 9.725 ± 11.74% and significant organic pollution. Biologically, a total of 5793 benthic macroinvertebrates divided into three phyla, eight orders, and more than thirty families were collected, with a population dominated by the order of insects and a low level of diversity dominated by pollutant organisms such as the Chironomidae, Lumbriculidae, and Physidae, which are saprobionts and saprophilous organisms. A redundancy analysis indicated that the main groups of benthic macroinvertebrates obtained were related to the gradients of the physicochemical parameters measured. The Shannon–Weaver diversity and Piélou equitability indexes showed the low diversity of the organisms within the different courses and their low equipartition, mainly due to the saprobiont and saprophilous groups that dominate the population. The exogenous inputs due to the increase in the population of the city of Yaoundé, which dumps its waste into the waterways, have major repercussions on the quality of the water and the population that abounds in this environment, particularly the benthic macroinvertebrates, which are an important link in the monitoring of water quality.

Keywords: benthic macroinvertebrates; pollution; anarchic urbanisation 

Kinshasa Province (Democratic Republic of Congo): Typology of Peri-Urban Ecosystems Providing Edible Insects 31 Décembre 2023

 Célestin Adeito Mavunda, Madjouma Kanda, Fousséni Folega, Demirel Maza-esso Bawa, Bilouktime Badjare, John Katembo Mukirania, Marra Dourma and Koffi Akpagana

Abstract
Tropical peri-urban ecosystems are essential for the urban population’s well-being through the goods and services they provide. Unfortunately, these ecosystems are subjected to anthropogenic pressures for various reasons. This study aims to assess the diversity and structure of the peri-urban ecosystems that provide the most edible insects in Kinshasa. A total of 360 people were interviewed to identify the two insect species most frequently consumed. The tree inventory was carried out in 50 plots (2500 m2 each), of which 25 were in Acacia plantations, 10 were planted Milletia forests, and 15 were natural Millettia forests. The diameters of each tree, dbh ≥ 10 cm, were measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish the forest communities. Diversity indices were used to assess floristic variability and structural parameters were used to characterize forest stands. Two insects were identified as being the most commonly consumed in Kinshasa: Gonimbrasia jamesoni (28%) and Cirina forda (27%), found the in Acacia plantation, and in the planted Milletia forests and natural Milletti forest, respectively. The results indicate floristic (higher in the Acacia plantation) and structural variability between stands. The structure of the stands indicates good news for all forests, except the planted forest. The high frequency/dominance of A. auriculiformis and M. laurentii in the peri-urban ecosystems of Kinshasa would therefore be optimal conditions (under natural conditions) for good production of these two caterpillar species.

Keywords: Acacia auriculiformis; Millettia laurentii; diversity and structure; peri-urban ecosystem; Kinshasa province; edible insects

The Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characterization of DomesticWastewater in Adétikopé (Togo, West Africa) 31 Décembre 2023

 Efui Holaly Gbekley , Kossi Komi, Koko Zébéto Houedakor, Sossawè Poli, Kossi Kpoezou, Djiwonou Koffi Adjalo, Kossiwa Zinsou-Klassou, Tchadjobo Tchacondo, Yaovi Ameyapoh and Pèssiezoum Adjoussi

Abstract
Wastewater represents a health risk for the population. For sanitary safety, it is important to know its physico-chemical and microbiological qualities in order to better understand the risks incurred by the population. The aim of this study was to analyze Adétikopé’s domestic wastewater from a microbiological and physico-chemical standpoint. Twelve wastewater samples were taken in Adétikopé from December 2022 to February 2023. Physico-chemical parameters were determined in accordance with AFNOR and the French NF standard. In microbiology, AFNOR was used as a reference for the detection of germs contaminating wastewater. Results were assessed in relation to European Union Criteria 98/83/EC. The wastewater analyzed has a pH close to neutral, with an average pH of 7.05. The pollutant load generated ranged from 32 mG/L to 201 mg/L for BOD5, from 660 mG/L to 900 mG/L for COD and from 408 mG/L to 2080 mG/L for suspended solids. The highest levels of germs were detected in the samples taken, with values of 68,000 CFU/100 mL and 47,000 CFU/100 mL for thermotolerant coliforms and fecal streptococci, respectively. The results show that fecal contamination originates from both animal and human sources. Concentrations of fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci are very high, far exceeding WHO guidelines. While a short-term solution would be to disinfect household sanitation systems on a daily basis, in the long term, the construction of collective sanitation systems, backed up by environmental education, remains a sustainable solution for the health and safety of populations.

Keywords: wastewater; physico-chemistry; bacteriology; sanitary safety; Adétikopé

Trees Diversity and Species with High Ecological Importance for a Resilient Urban Area: Evidence from Cotonou City (West Africa) 31 Décembre 2023

Assouhan Jonas Atchadé, Madjouma Kanda, Fousseni Folega, Hounnankpon Yédomonhan, Marra Dourma, Kperkouma Wala and Koffi Akpagana

Abstract
Rapid urbanization and climate change effects may cause dramatic changes in ecosystem functions in cities, thereby inevitably affecting the growth performance of old trees. Few studies have explored species diversity and spatial differentiation in Benin urban areas. This study aims to explore this dimension of urban ecology in order to build resilience to climate change in the city of Cotonou. Its objective was to determine the predominant level of tree diversity in the city’s land use units. The urban green frame was subdivided into six land use units, namely, establishments, residences, green spaces, commercial areas, administrative areas, and roads. The forest inventories were carried out in 149 plots with surfaces evaluated at 2500 m2 each. The IVI, an index that highlights the relative density, relative dominance, and relative frequency of species, has been used to characterize the place occupied by each species in relation to all species in urban ecosystems. This shows ecological importance through the diversity and quality of ecosystems, communities, and species. A total of 62 tree species in 55 genera and 27 families were recorded. The results show that the flora of the city of Cotonou is characterized by a strong preponderance of exotic species with some differences in species presence. The most abundant species with high ecological importance (IVI) in the different types of land use of the city are Terminalia catappa (IVI = 121.47%), Terminalia mantaly (IVI = 90.50%), Mangifera indica (IVI = 64.06%), and Khaya senegalensis (IVI = 151.16%). As the use of ecosystem services is recommended to tackle urban climate hazards, this study shows that direct development of this urban vegetation could improve the resilience of urban life to climate hazards through the provision of urban ecosystem services, potential ecological infrastructure foundations, and urban nature-based solutions.

Keywords: urban tree importance; diversity indexes; ecosystem services; species abundance; urban ecological planning; conservation planning; ecological value index; Cotonou 

Urban Governance and Sanitation in the Peri-Urban Commune of Agoè-Nyvé 6 in Togo: Diagnosis of the Sanitation System in Adétikopé 31 Décembre 2023

Efui Holaly Gbekley, Koko Zébéto Houedakor, Kossi Komi, Sossawè Poli, Djiwonou Koffi Adjalo, Ablam Nyakpo, Ayayivi Mensah Ayivigan, Abdourahamane Aissa Ghanny Vanessa Ali, Kossiwa Zinsou-Klassou and Pèssiezoum Adjoussi

Abstract
In African cities, the ever-increasing production of wastewater and excreta poses a major management problem. The aim of this study was to take stock of wastewater and excreta management in Adétikopé in the commune of Agoè-Nyivé 6. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population of the locality of Adétikopé in terms of wastewater and excreta management, which took place from August 2022 to July 2023. It involved 5256 households in 12 villages in the locality of Adétikopé and was carried out via a field survey, interviews, observations and documentary research. The results showed that 72.60% of respondents were women. The majority of households (85.62%) had latrines, 66.40% of which had never been emptied. The remainder used a mechanical emptying truck (5.48%). Households without latrines (14.38%) defecate with neighbors (14.28%) in the open (66.67%) and in public latrines (19.05%). The same applies to wastewater from cooking, washing and dishwashing, which is most often dumped on the public highway (78.77%). Wastewater is a breeding ground for mosquitoes that cause malaria, which is the most common disease in the area. The results of this study show that wastewater and excreta are managed by most concessions in an unhealthy way and discharged into the environment. It is important to step up public awareness campaigns on the harmful consequences of poor wastewater and excreta disposal.

Keywords: urban governance; sustainable development; wastewater management; Adétikopé; Togo 

Urban Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies against Recurrent Climate Risks in Central Africa: Evidence from N’Djaména City (Chad) 31 Décembre 2023

Ndonaye Allarané, Vidjinnagni Vinasse Ametooyona Azagoun , Assouhan Jonas Atchadé , Follygan Hetcheli and Joanes Atela

Abstract
Climate change and its corollaries suggest that urban planning tools and strategies need to integrate adaptation and resilience approaches into urban development. This study aims to inform decision makers and the scientific community of the importance of appropriating data on urban adaptation and resilience strategies in the city of N’Djaména. After sampling 519 city dwellers, oriented questionnaires and focus groups were used to collect socio-demographic parameters, major climate risks, their impacts on urban issues and the urban resilience strategies employed. The various exposure and impact indices were used to identify and prioritize climate risks and urban exposure issues with the populations concerned. The study highlighted three major climatic hazards, namely, flooding, heat waves and strong winds, and their impact on social and community facilities, the living environment and human health. Ten vulnerability factors have been identified, of which the intrinsically geophysical factors are most familiar to the city’s population. The principal component analysis (PCA) illustrates ten (10) strategies for adaptation and resilience to urban climate risks. To meet the climatic challenges in urban areas, this study makes several short-, medium- and long-term recommendations to decision makers.

Keywords: climate risks; urban adaptation strategies; vulnerability factors; urban adaptation planning 

Analysis of Cascading Effects on Key Urban Networks During Flooding in Brazzaville, Congo 31 Décembre 2023

 Attipo Reisch Vanel , Emvoulou Joachim Innocent , Aholou Cyprien Coffi

Abstract:
This manuscript analyses the cascading effects between urban technical networks in Brazzaville, Congo. To this end, we have identified the urban networks that are essential to the functioning of the city, namely the road network, the drinking water network, the sanitation network and the electricity network. The working methodology is based on a spatial analysis of flooding and an analysis of vulnerability using indicators of exposure (direct contact with water), sensitivity (malfunctions caused when in contact with water) and adaptability (continuity of operation once in contact with water) of the urban technical networks. The analyses show that all the technical urban networks appear to be dependent or interdependent on each other. The road network is the most exposed, but causes very little disruption to the others, while the electricity network is the one that causes the most disruption once it malfunctions. The cascading effects between urban technical networks stem from functional, physical or cybernetic dependency and can cause partial or total failure of the affected network. A power failure could extend functional vulnerability to the drinking water supply network via pumps, which depend on electricity. This research is being carried out in the context of urban risk management, with the aim of ensuring urban resilience to flooding.

Keywords: cascading effects, Brazzaville, flooding, urban networks, vulnerability

Dynamique spatio-temporelle des changements d’occupation du sol sous incidence anthropique dans la ville de Kinshasa (RDC) de 2001 à 2021 31 Décembre 2022

Célestin ADEITO MAVUNDA, Faustin, BOYEMBA BOSELA, Madjouma KANDA, Fousséni FOLEGA, Victor EGBELOU, Nicaise AMUNDALA DRAZO, Koffi AKPAGANA, Joseph YOKA, Marra DOURMA

Résumé
Nowadays, the cities south of the Sahara are under a strong human influence resulting from a strong demographic growth having as consequence their sprawling. This research work aims at assessing the anthropic impact on the dynamics of landscape units including the quality of ecosystemic services in Kinshasa and its suburbs. The methodological approach is based on earth observation data (multidate Landsat-type image) and geospatial techniques through remote sensing software (QGIS, GDAL). These collected data were subjected to a diachronic analysis following a classification operation (maximum likelihood classification) and post-classification, the resulting products having been the subject of a detection change analysis of the landscape units. The results show that the landscape of Kinshasa is subject to the phenomena of extension and anthropization. Thus, at an interval of twenty years, the areas of meadows / bare soils, gallery forests / dense forests and wooded savannas / shrub savannas have regressed respectively by -2112.09ha, -436.47ha and -151.89ha while those of agglomerations , fields / fallows, open forests / wooded savannas have progressed respectively by 50.19ha, 44.79ha, 64.49ha. The surface areas of the water bodies remain almost unchanged (1.04 ha). This study is in line with the logic of contributing to SDGs 11, 13 and 15 by 2030. Keywords: Spatio-temporal dynamics, Human activity, Remote sensing, Land use, City of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Keywords: Spatio-temporal dynamics, Human activity, Remote sensing, Land use, City of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of
Congo.

Urban management tested by information on land transactions in the city of Moyen-Mono 1 (Togo) 31 Décembre 2022

 NYALEWO Mawussi Kossi, NASSI Karl Martial, NAPO Gbati

 RESUME

Les petites et moyennes villes du Togo croissent à un rythme accéléré. Cette croissance s’accompagne des problèmes fonciers qui sont dus aux pratiques foncières particulièrement celles informationnelles. Dans la commune secondaire du Moyen Mono1, les mécanismes d’information foncière sont misent à rude épreuve par les acteurs fonciers et ceci génère des implications sur la gestion de la ville. Pour s’en rende compte, les données quantitatives et qualitatives ont été mobilisées autour d’un échantillon de 163 enquêtés. Des analyses, il découle une forte corrélation entre la disparité de la fourniture des équipements et services urbains et le dysfonctionnement des mécanismes informationnels fonciers. Dans la commune du Moyen Mono 1, le titre foncier qui est le sésame de la preuve de droit de propriété n’est disponible chez aucun acquéreur et seuls 3% des acquéreurs se sont informés par le livre foncier. Cette situation reste tributaire des types d’opérations foncières qui se font à 95% dans l’informel. Les citadins du Moyen Mono 1 ne disposent pas en majorité de droit réel de propriété (au sens moderne du terme) mais de présomption de titre de propriété. Cette situation explique le caractère irrégulier des installations humaines et engendre l’inégale accessibilité des populations aux services urbains du Moyen Mono 1.

Mots clés : Gestion urbaine, information, transaction foncière, Moyen Mono 1.

Effects of Urban Metabolism on the Well Water Quality in Cotonou (Benin) and Lomé (Togo) 31 Décembre 2021

Henri S. Totin Vodounon, Koko Z. Houedakor, Ernest Amoussou, Adrien C. Dossou-Yovo

Résumé

Urban metabolism, a process of material, energy and water flows, consumption or transformation in the cities and outflows of wastes, has impacts on the shallow groundwater. This study addressed the relationship between the urban metabolic system and well water physicochemical and bacteriological quality in the coastal cities of Cotonou and Lomé. A participatory transdisciplinary approach, involving non-academics and academics stakeholders was used to analyse urban inflows and outflows related to groundwater quality. Standard methods were used to measure well water quality from 100 seasonal samples. Waste management revealed poor sanitation and hence a linear urban metabolism with no solid and liquid wastes and excreta recycling. This form of city metabolism reinforced by the seawater inflow is the main source of groundwater quality deterioration in Cotonou and Lomé. The principal water types Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl−– SO42- (48.21%), Na+–K+– Cl−– SO42- (65.9%) and the Gibbs diagram suggested water-rock interactions and dominance of cations exchange on the hydrogeological compositions, also seasonally controlled by saltwater intrusion or anthropogenic salinization. The water quality index on the range of 35.90 to 169.60 in Cotonou and 82.94 to 364.68 in Lomé indicated well water very poor quality to unsuitable for drinking. Moreover, the bacteriological quality was bad due to total coliforms (112 - 1812; 1 – 1000 UFC/100 mL respectively in Cotonou and Lomé), Escherichia coli (40 - 780; 1- 112 UFC/100 mL), faecal enterococci/streptococcus (18 - 736; 1 - 118 UFC/100 mL). The findings could help to sustain groundwater quality by controlling the pollution sources linked to urban metabolism.

Keywords : Transdisciplinary, Linear Urban Metabolism, Well Water Pollution,

Alternative Sanitation and Strategic Directives for the Well Water Security in Cotonou (Benin) and Lomé (Togo) 31 Décembre 2021

Henri S. Totin Vodounon, Emilia M. Azalou-Tingbé, Koko Z. Houedakor, Ernest Amoussou, Mafobatchie Nantob, Gloria A. Adoho, Léocadie Odoulami

Résumé
In the coastal cities of West Africa, land use change, rapid population growth, bad sanitation systems and poor environmental governance degrade the quality of groundwater. This study aimed to assess alternative, acceptable, affordable sanitation disposal and practices for groundwater quality rehabilitation in the cities of Cotonou and Lomé. The study was based on the participatory transdisciplinary approach, field surveys, feedback from interactions with stakeholders, experiences of the practitioners and institutional consultations. This multi-stakeholder approach helped to appreciate ecological aspects of sanitation disposal and its implications on water quality improvement. SWOT model was used to analyze the relevance of assessed ecological system. Well water quality is deteriorated by traditional waste management disposal. Ecological sanitation systems are septic tanks on polyethylene, above-ground latrines and phytoremediation technique in the swamp areas. Collected wastes are used for composting and biogas production. Based on the optimist scenario at 2030 horizon, kind success factors of groundwater security are participation of citizens, existence of sanitation market, valorization of the waste by category, low-cost disposal adaptable to the individual, household and neighborhood’s scales. The strategic directions rely on funding and public policies for WASH, ecological sanitation disposal, cultural environment and good sanitation practices for emergence of new sanitation system to secure and sustain well water quality. But the social acceptability of ecological disposal is limited by the society’s multicultural heritage. These findings could help in decision-making concerning urban groundwater quality protection in the African coastal cities

Keywords
Socio-Ecology, Sanitation, Well Water Quality, SWOT, Scenario, Social
Acceptability  

Contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals: knowledge on water, sanitation and health risk in Cotonou and Lomé cities 31 Décembre 2021

Henri Sourou Totin Vodounon, Koko Zébéto Houédakor, Ernest Amoussou, Emilia M. Azalou Tingbé, Mafobatchié Nantob, Kpadédji Lambert Ayitchéhou, M. K. Nabola-Bounou Enoumodji

Résumé
"The paper explores how a project implemented in the framework of the LIRA2030 Africa programme is contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) on water, sanitation and health in the West African coastal cities of Cotonou (Benin) and Lomé (Togo). Based on co-produced knowledge on water, sanitation and health risks, collected through a transdisciplinary approach, we investigated socio-ecological sanitation and the applicability of an Ecohealth model to support SDGs 3, 6 and 11. According to our findings, the basis for the achievement of SDGs in these cities lies in addressing bad sanitation and hygiene related to a linear urban metabolism, poor groundwater quality and the occurrence of health risks (malaria, gastroenteritis, diarrheal). In this regard, the projects contributed by developing socioecological sanitation facilities for groundwater quality improvement and protection and for health risk reduction. An Ecohealth model was also developed to help improve and maintain the quality of groundwater in the study cities to promote healthy living and for sustainability. Social impacts of the SDG achievement could really help in sustainable development and the well-being in the coastal West African cities."

KEYWORDS
Sustainable development
goals; sanitation; health
risks; ecohealth model;
coastal cities

Pratiques intermodales dans le district autonome du grand Lomé : quelle articulation entre le transport urbain et interurbain pour une mobilité durable ? 31 Décembre 2021

Abelim PASSOLI, Kossi DIZEWE, Coffi AHOLOU, Gado MAYIMBO

Résumé
Cet article analyse l’articulation entre le transport urbain et le transport interurbain dans une agglomération à forte croissance urbaine en Afrique subsaharienne comme Lomé. Il s’agit particulièrement d’analyser la structure urbaine, l’organisation des transports urbains et interurbains, les logiques de localisation des pôles d’échange ainsi que les pratiques intermodales, notamment le rabattement et la diffusion des voyageurs sur/et à partir des pôles d’échange. Partant d’une approche fondée sur les entretiens avec les acteurs, les comptages de flux, les observations et la cartographie, l’étude montre que la localisation géographique et le niveau d’organisation des pôles d’échanges formels est en déphasage avec les logiques résidentielles et les pratiques intermodales des populations du Grand Lomé. La défaillance de l’action publique relative à l’organisation de l’offre de transport urbain et interurbain ainsi que des pôles d’échanges couplée aux stratégies de défiance des opérateurs de transport soutenues par les populations expliquent les difficultés d’intégration des deux échelles de réseau de transport. Les résultats recommandent de réguler l’étalement urbain, de formaliser aussi bien le transport urbain que le transport interurbain, de redimensionner les gares formelles existantes, de réaménager et relocaliser les gares suivant les principaux fronts d’urbanisation dans une stricte prise en compte des pratiques intermodales des populations.

Mots-clés
Intermodalité, Urbain, Points intermodaux, Transport, Mobilité, Agglomération, Intégration, Lomé.
 

Survey and Quantification of Household Waste in Tsévié City, Togo 31 Décembre 2021

 Essowè Kondoh , Koledzi K. Edem, Magnoudéwa Bassaï Bodjona, , Koffi Ani Kili, and Gado Tchangbedji

Résumé:
The management of solid household wastes in Tsévié is the environmental concerns that the municipality faces on a daily basis. The aim of this study is to assess the amount of waste produced daily per resident in Tsévié and then to determine the socio-economic dynamics involved in the production of waste. A quantification campaign coupled with the socio-economic assessment are carried out. The households selected are chosen at random from different parts of the city and their number is defined on the basis of the size of the population so as to cover at least one hundredth of this population. The results obtained indicate that the ratios vary by neighborhood and by the lifestyle of population. These ratios range from 0.476 kg/hab/d to 0.587 kg/hab/d with an average of 0.54 0.10 kg/hab/d. The production of household wastes in the city of Tsévié is estimated at 13440 tonnes per year. For the other sectors, especially the central market and commercial structures, production is estimated at 744 tonnes and 149 tonnes of waste respectively per year. With an estimated annual waste production in the city of Tsévié of approximately 14,333 tonnes, urgent steps must be taken toward the efficient management of this waste.

Keywords: Scrap, Waste, Quantification, Household, Management.

Lead sorption by Togo rock phosphate as a sustainable solution to metal water depollution 31 Décembre 2021

 Koffi A. Degbe, Diyakadola D. Bafai , Moursalou Korikoa , Sanonka Tchegueni , Chahid Lhoussaine , Mohamed El Meray , Mohamed Hafidid, Gado Tchangbedji

Abstract:
The excessive use of chemical inputs in agriculture for wastewater irrigation, both on the surface and the groundwater. These pollutants are from the organic or inorganic origin. The treatment of these wastewaters is therefore very important and this is a great concern to many sustainable development goals such as preservation of human health, environmental protection and access to drinking water and sanitation. In Togo, no study has been carried out on the sorption capacity of rock phosphate. This work will lay emphasis on the lead chemical pollutant elimination by sorption on a mineral sorbent, the rock phosphate of Togo. The physicochemical characterization of the material by techniques such as X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, pH of zero charge, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surfaces was performed. The majority phase is fluoroapatite and traces of clay minerals have been found. Its specific surface is 20.78 m2 g–1 and its pHPZC = 6.82. The batch method was used for the sorption study. Several experimentation parameters having an impact on the sorption process of the pollutant such as the pH of the solution, time of contact, the amount of sorbent and the initial concentration of the pollutant have been studied. The results of our study show that the maximum sorption capacity of lead is 166.67 mg g–1 over the rock phosphate of Togo. The best sorption is obtained for pH values ≤ pHPZC. The equilibrium time is 30 min. In view of these different results, rock phosphate constitutes an alternative to commercial sorbent that costs a lot in the water treatment.

Keywords: Wastewater; Rock phosphate; Depollution; Lead; Sustainable development

Analysis of Hydro-Climatical Variability in the Mo Basin in Togo 30 Décembre 2021

Koko Zébéto Houédakor, Dametoti Yamoula

Abstract

Climate changes are affecting water resources around the world and the Mo Basin (MB) in Togo is no exception to this observation. This study aims at analyzing the influence of hydro-climatical data in the Mo Basin. To achieve this, Pettit’s stationarity break tests, Hubert’s segmentation, Nicholson’s [1] reduced centered index, Lamb [2] and flow coefficients have been applied. In addition, temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, relative humidity and discharge data from 1961 to 2018 have been used for this purpose. While rainfall is decreasing despite an increase of 22.8% at the Fazao station and 2.8% at Sotouboua station, the flow coefficients evolve synchronously with the precipitation data and show a strong link between both parameters. The climatic balance sheet is positive six months in the year (May to October), throughout the period of observation (1961-2018). Only 1962 and 1963 recorded an annual rainfall greater than the annual evapotranspiration. The other years undergo a climatic drought, increasingly pronounced, which strongly impacts the hydrology of rivers. This has a strong impact on water resources and food security and resources of the Fazao-Malfakassa reserve in the region.

Keywords

Climate Variability, Hydro-Climatic Balance, Mo Basin, Togo

Usage des emballages plastiques dans la restauration de rue et assainissement des villes ouest-africaines : exemple de Lomé au Togo 31 Décembre 2020

Djiwonou Koffi ADJALO, Koko Zébéto HOUEDAKOR, Kossiwa ZINSOU-KLASSOU

Résumé
Les villes ouest-africaines connaissent une expansion démographique et spatiale, rapide et continue, depuis plusieurs décennies, avec développement de nouveaux modes de vie et de restauration. La restauration de rue, dans la quête de la satisfaction des besoins alimentaire de la population urbaine, fait usage des emballages plastiques. Dans ce secteur acquis à l’informel, l’usage de ces emballages entraîne des effets néfastes sur le système d'assainissement des villes ouest-africaines dont Lomé. Le présent article met en exergue l’usage des emballages plastiques dans la restauration de rue et son impact sur l’assainissement à Lomé. Pour ce faire, une enquête a été effectuée auprès de 225 consommateurs de rue choisis sur 45 points de vente, retenus par choix raisonné dans l’agglomération urbaine de Lomé. Les consommateurs d’aliments de rue sont essentiellement des fonctionnaires (40%) et des commerçants (35,11%). 75% des consommateurs sont des hommes et 82,5% des restaurateurs, des femmes. Les emballages plastiques sont utilisés dans le conditionnement des aliments de rue à Lomé. Devenus déchets après usage, les emballages plastiques ne font pas objet d’une gestion particulière. Une catégorisation des déchets à la source, conduirait à l’efficacité de leur gestion pour un meilleur assainissement de nos villes.

Mots clés : Emballages plastiques, alimentation de rue, assainissement, urbanisation, environnement, LoméTogo 

Accédez au portail du Mécanisme de Gestion des Requêtes et des Plaintes (MGRP) de l'AUA.

Création de parcours de Licences professionnelles

16 Fevrier 2026

L'Université de Lomé, à travers le CERViDA-DOUNEDON, annonce la création de trois licences professionnelles dans le cadre du PFORE-Aménagement de l’UEMOA, visant à renforcer la formation en aménagement, environnement et développement durable.